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Research goal. Comparative characteristics of the dynamics of CT semiotics and biochemical parameters of two groups of patients: with positive RT-PCR and with triple negative RT-PCR. Reflection of the results by comparing them with the data already available in the literature. The aim of the study is to compare the dynamics of CT semiotics and biochemical parameters of blood tests in two groups of patients: with positive RT-PCR and with triple negative RT-PCR. We also reflect the results by comparing them with the data already available in the literature. Materials and methods. We have performed a retrospective analysis of CT images of 66 patients: group I (n1 = 33) consists of patients who had three- time negative RT-PCR (nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 RNA) during hospitalization, and group II (n2 = 33) includes patients with triple positive RT-PCR. An important selection criterion is the presence of three CT examinations (primary, 1st CT and two dynamic examinations - 2nd CT and 3rd CT) and at least two results of biochemistry (C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, prothrombin time, procalcitonin) performed in a single time interval of +/- 5 days from 1st CT, upon admission, and +/- 5 days from 3st CT. A total of 198 CT examinations of the lungs were analyzed (3 examinations per patient). Results. The average age of patients in the first group was 58 +/- 14.4 years, in the second - 64.9 +/- 15.7 years. The number of days from the moment of illness to the primary CT scan 6.21 +/- 3.74 in group I, 7.0 (5.0-8.0) in group II, until the 2nd CT scan - 12.5 +/- 4, 87 and 12.0 (10.0-15.0), before the 3rd CT scan - 22.0 (19.0-26.0) and 22.0 (16.0-26.0), respectively. In both groups, all 66 patients (100%), the primary study identified the double-sided ground-glass opacity symptom and 36 of 66 (55%) patients showed consolidation of the lung tissue. Later on, a first follow-up CT defined GGO not in all the cases: it was presented in 22 of 33 (67%) patients with negative RT-PCR (group I) and in 28 of 33 (85%) patients with the positive one (group II). The percentage of studies showing consolidation increased significantly: up to 30 of 33 (91%) patients in group I, and up to 32 of 33 (97%) patients in group II. For the first time, radiological symptoms of "involutional changes" appeared: in 17 (52%) patients of the first group and in 5 (15%) patients of the second one. On second follow-up CT, GGO and consolidations were detected less often than on previous CT: in 1 and 27 patients of group I (3% and 82%, respectively) and in 6 and 30 patients of group II (18% and 91%, respectively), although the consolidation symptom still prevailed significantly . The peak of "involutional changes" occurred on last CT: 31 (94%) and 25 (76%) patients of groups I and II, respectively.So, in the groups studied, the dynamics of changes in lung CT were almost equal. After analyzing the biochemistry parameters, we found out that CRP significantly decreased in 93% of patients (p < 0.001) in group I;in group II, there was a statistically significant decrease in the values of C-reactive protein in 81% of patients (p = 0.005). With an increase in CT severity of coronavirus infection by one degree, an increase in CRP by 41.8 mg/ml should be expected. In group I, a statistically significant (p = 0.001) decrease in fibrinogen was recorded in 77% of patients;and a similar dynamic of this indicator was observed in group II: fibrinogen values decreased in 66% of patients (p = 0.002). Such parameters as procalcitonin and prothrombin time did not significantly change during inpatient treatment of the patients of the studied groups (p = 0.879 and p = 0.135), which may indicate that it is inappropriate to use these parameters in assessing dynamics of patients with a similar course of the disease. When comparing the outcomes of the studied groups, there was a statistically significant higher mortality in group II - 30.3%, in group I - 21.2% (p = 0.043). Conclusion. According to our data, a course of the disease does not significantly differ in the groups o patients with positive RT-PCR and three-time negative RT-PCR. A negative RT-PCR analysis may be associated with an individual peculiarity of a patient such as a low viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract. Therefore, with repeated negative results on the RNA of the virus in the oro- and nasopharynx, one should take into account the clinic, the X-ray picture and biochemical indicators in dynamics and not be afraid to make a diagnosis of COVID-19.Copyright © 2021 ALIES. All rights reserved.
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BACKGROUND: Pregnant women are vulnerable against COVID-19 infection due to physiological and immunological changes. COVID-19 in pregnancy affects fetal well-being with a potential for vertical infection. AIM: This study aims to determine the incidence of vertical infection and anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in infants born to mothers with positive COVID-19 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Amniotic fluid, swabs of the newborn's nasopharynx and oropharynx, and swabs of the placenta were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. Serological examination was performed by Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay on infant's blood. RESULT(S): Four of 33 pregnant women gave birth to infants positive SARS-CoV-2 infection. RT-PCR examination of all amniotic fluid and placental swabs was negative for SARS-CoV-2. Four of 33 infants (12.1%) showed negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results but positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, another 4 newborns (12.1%) showed positive PCR results, but no SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected. The remaining 25 babies (75.8%) showed both negative PCR and serologic results. CONCLUSION(S): No evidence of vertical transmission found in this study.Copyright © 2023 Cut Meurah Yeni, Zinatul Hayati, Sarjani M. Ali, Hasanuddin Hasanuddin, Rusnaidi Rusnaidi, Cut Rika Maharani.
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Objectives: This study aimed to determine disease severity, clinical features, clinical outcome in hospitalized patients with the Omicron variant and evaluate the effectiveness of one-dose, two-dose, and three-dose inactivated vaccines in reducing viral loads, disease course, ICU admissions and severe diseases. Method(s): Retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 5,170 adult patients (>=18 years) identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive with Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction admitted at Shanghai Medical Center for Gerontology between March 2022 and June 2022. COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness was assessed using logistic regression models evaluating the association between the risk of vaccination and clinical outcomes, adjusting for confounders. Result(s): Among 5,170 enrolled patients, the median age was 53 years, and 2,861 (55.3%) were male. 71.0% were mild COVID-19 cases, and cough (1,137 [22.0%]), fever (592 [11.5%]), sore throat (510 [9.9%]), and fatigue (334 [6.5%]) were the most common symptoms on the patient's first admission. Ct values increased generally over time and 27.1% patients experienced a high viral load (Ct value< 20) during their stay. 105(2.0%) of these patients were transferred to the intensive care unit after admission. 97.1% patients were cured or showed an improvement in symptoms and 0.9% died in hospital. The median length of hospital stay was 8.7+/-4.5 days. In multivariate logistic analysis, booster vaccination can significantly reduce ICU admissions and decrease the severity of COVID-19 outcome when compared with less doses of vaccine (OR=0.75, 95%CI, 0.62-0.91, P<=0.005;OR=0.99, 95%CI, 0.99-1.00, p<0.001). Conclusion(s): In summary, the most of patients who contracted SARSCoV-2 omicron variant had mild clinical features and patients with vaccination took less time to lower viral loads. As the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, an older and less vaccinated population was associated with higher risk for ICU admission and severe disease.Copyright © 2023
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Background: COVID-19 has appeared as a pandemic and public health issue at a universal level. First documented as a respiratory disease, COVID-19 has been found to interrelate with and disturb the cardiovascular system causing myocardial injury and also cardiac dysfunction. Initial documentation of cardiac pathology can play a substantial role in dropping the death rate. This study emphasizes on the relationship between the serum levels of cardiac Trop I and prognosis in patients with and without pre-existing CAD in COVID-19 patients. Aims and Objectives: The first objective was to explore the association among the serum levels of cardiac Trop I and bad prognosis in patients with antiquity of CAD and without CAD. The secondary objective was to explore and understand whether increased Trop I is an appreciated prognostic indicator for COVID-19 patient antagonistic prognosis. Material(s) and Method(s): This was conducted as a retrospective observational study in which a whole of 45 patients admitted in COVID Hospital of Malabar Medical College and Research Center category C were studied. The medical record of the patients whose COVID-19 confirmation done by combined conclusions of reverse transcription PCR, symptoms, and chest X-ray was studies by the team. Result(s): Mean age of the study participants was 59.3 +/- 13.7. Every study participants had elevated Trop I levels with a median Trop I in study subjects being 397.9. There was a statistically significant elevation in Trop I levels in patients with CAD linked with non-CAD patients with a median IQR of 641.6 and P = 0.003 and there was a significant increase in Trop I levels in patients who expired related to patients who got discharged with a median IQR of 587.3 and P = 0.003. Conclusion(s): From this study, we accomplish that rise in cardiac troponin-I level is connected with elevated mortality in patients with COVID-19. Hence, it can be used as significant biomarker of disease evolution, hospitalization, and worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients.Copyright © 2023, Mr Bhawani Singh. All rights reserved.
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Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate how prevalent asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 virus infection (COVID-19) is among patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery at two tertiary referral hospitals. Material(s) and Method(s): This retrospective study included patients without COVID-19 symptoms who underwent preoperative screening using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) before ophthalmic surgery at the Kocaeli University and Gaziantep University departments of ophthalmology [between September 1, 2020, and December 15, 2020 (group 1);between March 1, 2021, and May 30, 2021 (group 2)]. Patients scheduled for surgery and followed up in the retina, glaucoma, pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus, cataract and refractive surgery, and cornea departments were examined. Result(s): RT-PCR was positive for SARS-CoV-2 in 12 (1.4%) of 840 patients in group 1 and 7 (1.1%) out of 600 patients in group 2. None of the patients were symptomatic of COVID-19. The majority of the patients were scheduled for retina or cataract and refractive surgery in both groups (group 1;retina: 29.2%, cataract and refractive: 57.0%, group-2;retina: 31.3%, cataract and refractive: 54.5%). SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing was positive for seven patients in group 1 (7/245, 2.9%) and five patients in group 2 (5/188, 2.6%) who were scheduled for retinal surgery. Conclusion(s): The necessity, availability, and practicality of COVID-19 RT-PCR testing prior to ophthalmic surgeries varies depending on the protocols of each institution. COVID-19 RT-PCR testing is suggested especially before vitreoretinal surgeries and general anesthesia procedures, because of the difficulty in managing postoperative complications.Copyright © 2023 Gazi Eye Foundation. All rights reserved.
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Summary Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, that causes the COVID-19 disease, has become a global public health problem that requires the implementation of rapid and sensitive diagnostic tests. Aim(s): To evaluate and compare the sensitivity of LAMP assay to a standard method and use RT-LAMP for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples from Colombian patients. Method(s): A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 25 nasopharyngeal swab samples including negative and positive samples for SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed, through the RT-LAMP method compared to the RT-qPCR assay. Result(s): LAMP method detected ~18 copies of the N gene, in 30 min, evidenced a detection limit similar to the standard method, in a shorter time and a concordance in RT-LAMP of 100% with the results. Conclusion(s): RT-LAMP is a sensitive, specific, and rapid method that can be used as a diagnostic aid of COVID-19 disease.Copyright © 2021. All Rights Reserved.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a fatal pandemic viral disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this study is to observe the associations of IL-6, SARS-COV-2 viral load (RNAemia), IL- 6 gene polymorphism and lymphocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood with disease severity in COVID-19 patients. This study was carried out from March 2021 to January 2022. RT-PCR positive 84 COVID-19 patients and 28 healthy subjects were enrolled. Blood was collected to detect SARS-COV-2 viral RNA (RNAemia) by rRT-PCR, serum IL-6 level by chemiluminescence method, SNPs of IL-6 by SSP-PCR, immunophenotyping of lymphocytes and monocyte by flow cytometry. Serum IL-6 level (pg/ml) was considerably high among critical patients (102.02 +/- 149.7) compared to severe (67.20 +/- 129.5) and moderate patients (47.04 +/- 106.5) and healthy controls (3.5 +/- 1.8). Serum SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid positive cases detected mostly in critical patients (39.28%) and was correlated with extremely high IL-6 level and high mortality (R =.912, P < 0.001). Correlation between IL-6 and monocyte was statistically significant with disease severity (severe group, p < 0.001, and 0.867*** and critical group p < 0.001 and 0.887***). In healthy controls, moderate, severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients, IL-6 174G/C (rs 1800795) GG genotype was 82.14%, 89.20%, 67.85% and 53.57% respectively. CC and GC genotype had strong association with severity of COVID-19 when compared with GG genotype. Significant statistical difference found in genotypes between critical and moderate groups (p < 0.001, OR-10.316, CI-3.22-23.86), where CC genotype was associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality. The absolute count of T cell, B cell, NK cell, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were significantly decreased in critical group compared to healthy, moderate and severe group (P < 0.001). Exhaustion marker CD94/NKG2A was increased on NK cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell among critical and severe group. Absolute count of monocyte was significantly increased in critical group (P < 0.001). Serum IL-6, IL-6 174 G/C gene and SARS-CoV-2 RNAaemia can be used in clinical practice for risk assessment;T cell subsets and monocyte as biomarkers for monitoring COVID-19 severity. Monoclonal antibody targeting IL-6 receptor and NKG2A for therapeutics may prevent disease progression and decrease morbidity and mortality.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc.
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Background and Aim: QX-like infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly infectious avian coronavirus that causes respiratory and kidney disease. It is linked to increased mortality and loss of performance in infected chickens worldwide, including Thailand. Thus, a simple and rapid diagnostic method for the diagnosis of QX-like IBV is needed. This study aimed to develop a single-step multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay to detect and differentiate QX-like IBV from Thai IBV and vaccine strains used in the poultry industry (H120, Ma5, and 4/91). Materials and Methods: Primer sets specific for QX-like and Thai IBV were designed to target the S1 gene. The specificity of the technique was verified using nine isolates of QX-like IBV, four isolates of Thai IBV, and other avian viral respiratory pathogens. The detection limit was evaluated using a serial ten-fold dilution of QX-like and Thai IBV. Results: The results showed that single-step mRT-PCR could detect QX-like IBV and differentiate it from Thai IBV and the vaccine strains H120, Ma5, and 4/91. The limit of detection of the developed assay was 102.2 embryo infectious dose (EID)50/mL for QX-like IBV and 101.8 EID50/mL for Thai IBV. Interestingly, the developed assay could identify mixed infection by both IBVs in a single sample. Conclusion: The single-step mRT-PCR assay developed in this study can potentially discriminate QX-like IBV from Thai IBV and the vaccine strains H120, Ma5, and 4/91 in a single reaction. It is also suitable for use in all laboratories with access to conventional PCR equipment. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Veterinary World is the property of Veterinary World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Background: Managing patients with cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been challenging. Disruptions in cancer management have been observed due to cancellation of treatment, issues related to commuting, and dearth of health-care workers. Objective(s): This study was conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and was aimed at evaluating the 30-day all-cause mortality among patients with cancer and COVID-19 infection and the factors affecting it. Material(s) and Method(s): In this retrospective study, we collected secondary data from nine tertiary care centers in South India over a period of 10 months from March to Dec 2020. Patients across all age groups with histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of cancer who were affected by COVID-19 during their evaluation or treatment were included in the study. The primary outcome variables of the present study were 30-day all-cause mortality, cancer outcomes, and COVID-19 outcomes. Result(s): A total of 206 patients were included. Median age of the cohort was 55.5 years, and the male-To-female ratio was 1:1.03. The 30-day mortality rate was 12.6%. Twenty-Two patients (10.7%) had severe COVID-19 infection at the initial presentation. Predictors for severe pneumonia at the initial presentation were incomplete remission at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis and palliative intent of treatment. Severe pneumonia at the initial presentation, diagnosis of COVID-19 on or before August 2020, and need for ventilator support were associated with increased mortality. Conclusion(s): Severity of infection at the initial presentation, cancer status, and the intent of cancer treatment impact COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer.Copyright © 2022 Iranian Society of Ophthalmology. All rights reserved.
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Introduction: Spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), primarily reported in adults. Pediatric cases with bilateral pneumothorax are much less reported. Case Presentation: We presented the case of a five-year-old previously healthy boy who developed persistent fever, abdominal pain, generalized maculopapular rash, and dyspnea before admission. His chest computed tomography (CT) showed a viral involvement pattern of pneumonia suggestive of COVID-19. Subsequently, he was confirmed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). While he responded well to the therapies, on the fifth day of admission, he developed respiratory distress again. A chest roentgenogram showed bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax. Bilateral chest tubes were inserted, and his condition improved sig-nificantly after five days of admission to the intensive care unit. Two weeks later, he was discharged in good condition. Conclusion(s): Children with MIS-C associated with COVID-19 may develop primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Owing to the clinical picture overlapping with MIS-C associated with COVID-19, the timely diagnosis of pneumothorax may be challenging in such patients.Copyright © 2022, Author(s).
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its associated morbidities are a great global concern. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes and high mortality in patients with COVID-19. Objective(s): This study examined the frequency of BM, newly diagnosed hyperglycemia, and their impacts on hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Method(s): This retrospective study examined 810 medical records of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to Razi Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. The clinical presentations, severity, and impacts of COVID-19 were compared between patients with and without DM. Disease severity was determined based on the NEWS2 scoring system. Result(s): This study included 810 medical records of COVID-19 patients, of whom 326 had pre-existing DM, and 484 were non-DM. The rates of diabetes and newly diagnosed hyperglycemia were 40.2% and 11.2%, respectively. The most common underlying diseases were hypertension (35.3%), ischemic heart disease (17.9%), and chronic kidney disease (11.9%), which were higher in people with diabetes than non-diabetics. The rate of acute kidney injury was higher in patients with diabetes than in non-diabetics (30.7% vs. 19.2%;P < 0.001) and in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those whose disease was not severe (27.8% vs. 21.5%;P = 0.04). The rates of severe COVID-19 (46.3% vs. 34.7%;P = 0.093), ICU admission (40.7% vs. 27.4%;P = 0.012), and mortality (18.5% vs. 10.5%;P = 0.079) were higher in patients with newly diagnosed hyperglycemia than in euglycemic patients. Conclusion(s): This study showed that COVID-19 infection is linked with newly diagnosed hyperglycemia and pre-existing DM, both associated with severe COVID-19, more need for ICU admission, and mortality.Copyright © 2023, Author(s).
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging disease with a rapid increase in cases and deaths since its first discovery in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. Limited data are available on COVID-19 effects during pregnancy;however, information on diseases associated with other highly pathogenic coronaviruses (i.e. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS] and the Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS]) may provide insight into the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy. Coronaviruses cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe respiratory disease and death. The data indicate an average of 5 days incubation period (range: 2-14 days). The average age range of the hospitalized patients was 49-56 years, and a third to half of them have an underlying illness. Children were rarely mentioned. Within hospitalized cases, men were more frequent (54%-73%). Fever, cough, myalgia, vomiting, and diarrhea are common symptoms. This review aims at giving an in-depth understanding of COVID-19 by comparing its effects with SARS and MERS to evaluate its severity in pregnant women1. The results of varied studies show that COVID-19 affects pregnant women seriously and there is an alarming need to look into this aspect to prevent its harmful effects on the fetus.Copyright © 2020
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Background: Easy availability, low cost, and low radiation exposure make chest radiography an ideal modality for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) detection. Objective(s): In this study, we propose the use of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to automatically detect abnormalities associated with COVID-19 on chest radiographs. We aimed to evaluate the performance of the algorithm against the interpretation of radiologists to assess its utility as a COVID-19 triage tool. Material(s) and Method(s): The study was conducted in collaboration with Kaushalya Medical Trust Foundation Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, between July and August 2020. We used a collection of public and private datasets to train our AI models. Specificity and sensitivity measures were used to assess the performance of the AI algorithm by comparing AI and radiology predictions using the result of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction as reference. We also compared the existing open-source AI algorithms with our method using our private dataset to ascertain the reliability of our algorithm. Result(s): We evaluated 611 scans for semantic and non-semantic features. Our algorithm showed a sensitivity of 77.7% and a specificity of 75.4%. Our AI algorithm performed better than the radiologists who showed a sensitivity of 75.9% and specificity of 75.4%. The open-source model on the same dataset showed a large disparity in performance measures with a specificity of 46.5% and sensitivity of 91.8%, thus confirming the reliability of our approach. Conclusion(s): Our AI algorithm can aid radiologists in confirming the findings of COVID-19 pneumonia on chest radiography and identifying additional abnormalities and can be used as an assistive and complementary first-line COVID-19 triage tool.Copyright © Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment.
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Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is complex multisystem disease. After 4 weeks of persistent symptoms, it is termed as Long COVID-19. Long COVID-19 causes a decrease in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In this study, it was aimed to determine which symptoms were associated with lower HRQoL in Long COVID-19 in this study. Material(s) and Method(s): This cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary research hospital. Patients who have positive RT-PCR results at least 28 days and at most 180 days ago were selected for the study. Online survey was applied to 266 patients who had positive PCR test results for COVID-19. The EuroQoL 5D-3L scale was used to measure the HRQoL as a dependent variable. Socio-demographic features and symptoms were assessed by the survey as independent variables. Due to heteroscedasticity, a robust standard error regression analysis was conducted to make inferences on the effects of persistent symptoms on HRQoL. Result(s): Of the total 266 participants, 163 were females (63.3%). The mean age was 41.2 +/- 11.8 years. One hundred forty-two patients (53.3%) did not report any ongoing symptom. Female gender and lower education level as socio-demographic variables, visual problems and myalgia as persistent symptoms were identified as risk factors for reduced HRQoL in Long COVID-19 patients. Discussion(s): Long COVID-19 patients experience lower levels of HRQoL, especially those with visual problems and/or myalgia. Interventions to raise the HRQoL of Long COVID-19 patients should first target visual problems and myalgia.Copyright © 2023, Derman Medical Publishing. All rights reserved.
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Objective: To identify and describe the risk factors that increase susceptibility in older adults to infection by SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). Material(s) and Method(s): Descriptive, cross-sectional study in adults over 60 years, patients with a positive result (RT-PCR) were analysed to detect SARS-CoV-2. The study was carried out from May 17 to July 21, 2020. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyse the risk factors of the study population. Result(s): 102 older adults were included with a mean age of 82.5 +/- 8.8 years, 55 (54%) were positive and 47 (46%) were negative. When analysing the risk factors related to higher mortality coupled with Covid-19 infection, the statistically significant variable was frailty, with an OR of 11.6 in frail adults compared to robust individuals (p-value = 0.024.) Conclusion(s): In the vulnerable population, risk factors must be identified and treated, but above all, such factors must be prevented in advance;early detection, isolation, effective treatment must be carried out as well as follow-up of contacts and prevention of the spread of the new virus to reduce mortality in vulnerable groups.Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Medica del Hospital General de Mexico. Published by Permanyer.